Bourgeois Dignity and Liberty: Why Economics Can’t Explain the Modern World
Deirdre Nansen McCloskey
[forthcoming, University of Chicago Press autumn 2010]
University of Illinois at Chicago
deirdre2@uic.edu
deirdremccloskey.org
[forthcoming, University of Chicago Press autumn 2010]
University of Illinois at Chicago
deirdre2@uic.edu
deirdremccloskey.org
Table of Contents
-
Front matter and Acknowledgments
“The Tide of Innovation, 1700-Present” (abstract)
-
The Industrial Revolution was a Great Tide
The Tide Came from a New Dignity and a New Liberty for the Ordinary Bourgeoisie and Its Innovations
-
Modern Growth was a Factor of at Least Sixteen
Increasing Scope, Not Pot-of-Pleasure “Happiness,” is What Mattered
And the Poor Won
-
It Didn’t Happen Because of Thrift
Nor Because of a Rise of Greed or of a Protestant Ethic
Nor Because of Original Accumulation
-
Transport or Other Domestic Reshufflings Didn’t Cause It
Nor Geography, nor Natural Resources
Not Even Coal
-
Foreign Trade was Not the Cause, Though World Prices were a Context
And the Logic of Trade-as-an-Engine is Dubious
And Even the Dynamic Effects of Trade were Small
-
The Effects on Europe of the Slave Trade and British Imperialism were Smaller Still
And Other Imperialisms, External or Internal, Were Equally Profitless
-
Institutions Cannot be Viewed Merely as Incentive-Providing Constraints
Nor Did The Glorious Revolution Initiate Private Property
And So the Chronology of Property and Incentives Has Been Mismeasured
And Anyway the Entire Absence of Property is not Relevant to the Place or Period
-
It was Not Allocation, but Language
Dignity and Liberty for Ordinary People, in Short, were the Greatest Externalities
They Warrant Not Political or Environmental Pessimism, but an Amiable Optimism

McCloskey tar sin utgångspunkt i världens extraordinära ekonomiska tillväxt och brytning med Malthus lag under de senaste århundraden. Den disponibla inkomsten låg på 3 dollar per person och dag under i stort sett hela mänsklighetens historia, då alla produktivitetsökningar åts upp av befolkningsökningen. Men så hände något runt år 1800 och i dag är genomsnittsinkomsten i världen 30 dollar per dag (i Norge 137), en ökning med en faktor om 10 – detta trots en gigantisk befolkningsökning under samma period. 5,5 av världens 6,5 miljarder människor lever i rika länder eller i länder som är på väg att bli rika. Förvisso finns det fortfarande en ”Bottom Billion” med Paul Colliers ord, men man behöver inte vara kurzweiliansk i sina förutsägelser för att förutspå att så inte kommer att vara fallet om så lite som 50 år.
McCloskey tror att det är den så kallade ”bourgeoisiens” (ett medvetet provokativt valt ord) värderingar och attityder, som i störst utsträckning förklarar denna välståndsökning utan motstycke i historien. Denna volym, som är del två av sex i hennes Magnum Opus The Bourgeois Era, är tänkt att vederlägga i stort sett alla andra presumtiva förklaringar bakom världens ekonomiska tillväxt (sparsamhet, protestantismen och handel, för att nämna några).
Det uttalade syftet med de sex banden är att skriva ett försvarstal för den genom tiderna så bespottade bourgeoisien, dess värderingar och ”värdighet”. Den första delen, The Bourgeois Virtues gavs ut 2007 och hamnade på femte plats på Atlas Foundations lista över de tio mest betydelsefulla frihetsböckerna under det gångna decenniet. McCloskey deltog även i Mont Pelerin Societys konferens föregående sommar i Stockholm som arrangerades av Ratio. Där presenterade hon de första tre kapitlen i den nya boken.
Written by Bourgeoisiens värderingar « Niklas Elert on January 11th, 2010.Dear Mr. Elert:
I got the “extraordinära ekonomiska,” which served my vanity. But can you tell me the gist of what you wrote in English?
Sincerely,
Deirdre
Written by Deirdre McCloskey on January 13th, 2010.Dear Deirdre,
As a Dane I can understand what Elert is writing. He is relating the subject [of The Bourgeois Virtues] and mentioning your visit to the Mont Pelerin society and other accolades. “Extraordinara ekonomiska” refers to the economic development since 1800.
Regards,
Written by Kim Hvid Johnsen on January 14th, 2010.Kim
Dear Deirdre,
“extraordinära ekonomiska” could have referred to your skills as well. :) What appeared as a comment on this site was actually a post on my blog linking here, whereas your comment appeared on my blog as well (very odd indeed).
I posted a translation of the post in the comment field at my blogg prior to realizing this, you’ll find it here: http://niklaselert.wordpress.com/2010/01/11/bourgeoisiens-varderingar/#comments
Regards
Written by Niklas Elert on January 14th, 2010.Niklas
Prudentia editors are at fault here. In response to a pingback of Mr. Elert’s post that arrived at deirdremccloskey.org, they meant to refer to Mr. Elert’s mention of the Bourgeois Era volumes in a new post but instead copied it as a comment. Prudentia apologizes to all for the confusion.
Written by Journal staff on January 15th, 2010.Basta Niklas,
Thanks for the translation and your praise. I dearly would like to reach my cousins in sweet Scandinavia! Regards, Deirdre
Written by Deirdre McCloskey on January 15th, 2010.[...] in Spite of Themselves ) привели к тому явлению, который отмечает McCloskey – к вере в прогресс и возможности реализации своих [...]
Written by Все таки, как решить проблему пенсионеров? | Sergey Kurdakov blog on November 13th, 2010.[...] – можно взять Gregory Clark Farewell to Alms ( есть в сети ), Deirdre McCloskey и тогда и этот момент тоже станет более [...]
Written by Моя библиотека 4 | Sergey Kurdakov blog on November 22nd, 2010.My Dear Russian Commentators,
Google Translate does not give very good texts, but so far as I can understand what you are saying (1.) Yes, innovation CAN be bad for the poor (and the rich), but in actual, historical fact it has been enormously good for the poor; (2.) there has been an explosion of Big History recently, and my book Bourgeois Dignity: Why Economics Can’t Explain the Modern World is merely the last of at least a dozen in the past few years (mine, of course, is the best!)
Regards,
Deirdre McCloskey
Written by Deirdre McCloskey on November 28th, 2010.[...] dos livros já lançados da Deirdre McCloskey (Bourgeois Virtues: Ethics for an Age of Commerce e Bourgeois Dignity: Why Economics Can’t Explain the Modern World), uma visita ao seu site e os seguintes [...]
Written by As virtudes burguesas, segundo Deirdre McCloskey | OrdemLivre.org/blog on April 20th, 2011.[...] ( более ранний черновик можно поглядеть тут ( вернее тут ) ), заметила одну вещь, очень часто упускают. О том, что [...]
[Site Admin: We apologize for excluding this comment on Bourgeois Dignity, which originally appeared in November of 2010, as spam.]
Written by В блоге у Тайлер Коуэна рядом с Deirdre McСloskey | Sergey Kurdakov blog on January 7th, 2012.